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Top 100 stocks by market cap in SPY and QQQ, cross-referencing Market Cap and Forward P/E
Each chart has colored background bands and dashed reference lines to help you instantly judge if the market is cheap, fair, or expensive:
Green zones = cheap / undervalued / good entry points historically. Yellow zones = fair value or above average — normal conditions. Orange zones = expensive — proceed with caution. Red zones = extreme / bubble territory — historically poor time to buy, but can persist for years.
Dashed yellow line = Historical Mean (the long-term average). Above it = more expensive than usual. Below it = cheaper than usual. This is your benchmark — the "normal" reference point.
Price divided by trailing 12-month earnings. Historical mean is 16.2. Above 25 = expensive. Below 15 = cheap. Current elevated levels reflect strong earnings expectations and low interest rates.
Uses 10-year average inflation-adjusted earnings to smooth out business cycles. Historical mean is 17.4. Above 30 = historically overvalued territory. Only exceeded during the dot-com bubble and recent years.
Warren Buffett's favorite valuation measure. Compares total stock market value to GDP. Below 100% = undervalued. 100-150% = fair. Above 150% = overvalued. Data from Federal Reserve Z.1 flow of funds.
The inverse of the PE ratio (Earnings / Price), expressed as a percentage. Shows what stocks "earn" relative to their price. Higher = cheaper market. Useful for comparing stocks to bond yields directly. Historical S&P 500 mean is around 6-7%.
Annual dividends per share divided by price. Represents the cash return to shareholders. Historical S&P 500 mean is around 1.8-2%. A declining dividend yield over time reflects companies shifting to buybacks and growth reinvestment over direct payouts.
The gap between earnings yield and dividend yield shows how much profit companies retain vs pay out. A widening gap means companies are keeping more earnings (for buybacks, debt repayment, or reinvestment). A narrowing gap may signal slowing earnings or rising payout ratios.
Earnings yield minus 10Y Treasury yield. Measures the extra compensation stocks offer over risk-free bonds. Negative ERP = bonds yield more than stocks (historically rare, suggests stocks are expensive relative to bonds).